最近在修复VPS的过程中遇到了一个APT的问题,无论APT执行什么都汇报错误:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
linux-image-extra-4.4.0-116-generic : Depends: linux-image-4.4.0-116-generic but it is not installed
linux-image-generic : Depends: linux-image-4.4.0-116-generic but it is not installed
Recommends: thermald but it is not installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f.
在研究了一阵后,发现是APT如果在安装某个包中断后,以后再安装什么都会汇报依赖那个包失败。因此linux-image-extra-4.4.0-116-generic
这个包很可能是在某次apt upgrade
过程中被安装的,但是由于/boot
目录已满,导致安装linux-image-extra-4.4.0-116-generic
失败,以至于后面的apt
命令都汇报依赖该包失败。
查明原因后,开始着手修复linux-image-extra-4.4.0-116-generic
的问题,为了完成linux-image-extra-4.4.0-116-generic
的安装,需要先释放/boot
一些空间,删除一些没用的kernel包,这里主要参考Safely_Removing_Old_Kernels。
# 1. 删除之前kernel更新的临时文件
sudo rm -rv ${TMPDIR:-/var/tmp}/mkinitramfs-*
# 2. 查看安装了哪些版本
dpkg -l | tail -n +6 | grep -E 'linux-image-[0-9]+'
> ii linux-image-4.12.9-041209-generic 4.12.9-041209.201708242344 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.12.9 on 64 bit x86 SMP
> ii linux-image-4.4.0-104-generic 4.4.0-104.127 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
> ii linux-image-4.4.0-108-generic 4.4.0-108.131 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
> iF linux-image-4.4.0-109-generic 4.4.0-109.132 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
> iF linux-image-4.4.0-112-generic 4.4.0-112.135 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
> ii linux-image-extra-4.4.0-104-generic 4.4.0-104.127 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
> iF linux-image-extra-4.4.0-108-generic 4.4.0-108.131 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
> iU linux-image-extra-4.4.0-109-generic 4.4.0-109.132 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
> iU linux-image-extra-4.4.0-112-generic 4.4.0-112.135 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
# 3. 查看当前使用的kernel
uname -r
> 4.12.9-041209-generic
# 4. 此时我们就能决定哪些版本的kernel是不需要的,可以被删除
# 比如我们要删除 linux-image-4.4.0-104-generic,需要注意的是,如果存在extra附加包,
# 则需要将关联的2个同时删除:
# linux-image-4.4.0-104-generic与linux-image-extra-4.4.0-104-generic
update-initramfs -d -k linux-image-4.4.0-104-generic
update-initramfs -d -k linux-image-extra-4.4.0-104-generic
dpkg --purge linux-image-4.4.0-104-generic linux-image-extra-4.4.0-104-generic
# 5. 删除成功,查看释放的空间
df -lh
# 6. 修复apt,完成之前的安装
sudo apt-get -f install
# 7. 修复grub
update-grub2
# 此时修复完成,可以试试其他apt命令了。